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On 16/03/2026 09:54, Richard Kettlewell wrote:
>
bp@www.zefox.net writes:
>> It was a surprise to learn that a single partition is somehow required
>> for RasPiOS to function correctly. If true, it`s a good thing to know.
>
> Separate /usr probably still works, but I doubt it gets much testing.
Can you guarantee that /usr will be mounted at boot time?
I remember having to use /bin/sh in init.d scripts because /usr/bin/ksh
didn`t exist yet. That may have changed.
A long time ago, and not on an rpi. AIX or HP/UX or something.
Anyway, I`d keep /usr under / just to be safe.
/home on its own partition.
>
> It?s really not going to make swapping significantly faster. Nor is
> trying to find an optimal location for swap - you have quite possibly
> already spent more time on the matter in this thread than you could ever
> possibly save.
>
>>> Back in the good old days there were enough programs in /bin (which
>>> was an actual directory, not a link to /usr/bin) to recover a system
>>> with disk errors (when possible, anyway). But now that /bin is a
>>> link, I wonder if the system will even boot properly, since "user
>>> space" would have to mount /usr before almost all (all?) programs are
>>> available. Including systemd.
>>
>> Given that RasPiOS has an /sbin directory, I`m pretty sure the machine
>> will come up at worst in single-user if /usr can`t be mounted
>> normally.
>
> $ ls -ld /sbin
> lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 17 2023 /sbin -> usr/sbin
>
> However I believe this is neither here nor there since initramfs is
> responsible for mounting /usr if it?s separate. If it fails to mount you
> will most likely end up in an initramfs shell (which is a pretty
> reasonable recovery environment).
>
>> Whether /home/, /var/ and /tmp/ can be links to /usr is less clear to
>> me at this point.
>
> You might run into trouble with AppArmor. Not particularly hard to fix.
>
>
> If all this is about adding some swap space then you are massively
> overcomplicating matters. If there?s no unpartitioned space left then
> just create a swapfile and get on with your life. If you do anything
> more complicated than that then make sure your backups are up to date
> first.
>
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